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CS Fundamentals Roadmap 2025

Your Complete Guide to Mastering Computer Science Fundamentals

11 Core Topics
12-14 Months
50K+ Developers

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Your Learning Journey Starts Here

A comprehensive roadmap to master computer science fundamentals from zero to hero

11

Core Topics

12-14

Months to Complete

Career Opportunities

Start

Your Journey Today

Your Complete Learning Path

1

Foundation (0-3 months)

Programming, OOP, OOD

2

Core Skills (3-7 months)

DS&A, Design Patterns, SWE, DB

3

System Core (8-10 months)

OS, Networking, Architecture

4

Security & Specialization (11-14 months)

Security, Career Path

Where to Start

  1. Choose C++ as your first language - Best for understanding fundamentals
  2. Focus on concepts, not syntax - Programming is problem solving
  3. Start with simple programs - Calculator, patterns, basic games
  4. Practice daily - Even 1 hour makes a difference
  5. Join a community - Learning with others is easier

Tips for Success

  • Be patient - Everyone struggles at first
  • Type code, don't copy - Muscle memory matters
  • Read error messages - They're trying to help
  • Build projects - Theory without practice is useless
  • Take breaks - Your brain needs time to process
  • Celebrate small wins - Every step counts

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Jumping between languages - Master one first
  • Tutorial hell - Balance learning with doing
  • Comparing yourself - Everyone learns differently
  • Skipping fundamentals - No shortcuts to mastery
  • Not asking for help - Questions are good
  • Giving up too early - Persistence is key

Phase 1: Foundation (Months 0-3)

Month 1: Programming Fundamentals with C++
  • Variables, data types, operators
  • Control structures (if/else, loops)
  • Functions and scope
  • Daily practice: 2-3 hours
Month 2: Object-Oriented Programming
  • Classes and objects
  • Inheritance and polymorphism
  • Encapsulation and abstraction
  • Build 2-3 OOP projects
Month 3: Object-Oriented Design
  • SOLID principles
  • UML diagrams
  • Design a complete system
  • Code reviews and refactoring

Phase 2: Core Skills (Months 3-7)

Months 3-6: Data Structures & Algorithms
  • Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues
  • Trees, Graphs, Hash Tables
  • Sorting, Searching, Dynamic Programming
  • Solve 150+ problems
Month 5: Design Patterns
  • Creational, Structural, Behavioral patterns
  • Gang of Four patterns
  • Apply patterns to real projects
  • Refactor existing code
Month 6: Software Engineering
  • Clean code principles
  • Git workflows and collaboration
  • Testing and documentation
  • Agile methodologies
Month 7: Databases
  • SQL fundamentals and advanced queries
  • Database design and normalization
  • NoSQL basics (MongoDB)
  • Build database-driven project

Phase 3: System Fundamentals (Months 8-10)

Month 8: Computer Architecture
  • CPU and memory hierarchy
  • Performance optimization
  • Cache-friendly programming
  • Modern architectures
Month 9: Operating Systems
  • Process and thread management
  • Memory management
  • File systems
  • Linux basics
Month 10: Computer Networking
  • OSI model and TCP/IP
  • HTTP/HTTPS protocols
  • Network security basics
  • Build networked application

Phase 4: Advanced Topics (Months 11-14)

Month 11: Security Fundamentals
  • Cryptography (Hashing, Encryption)
  • OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities
  • Authentication & Authorization
  • Secure coding practices
Months 12-14: Specialization & Projects
  • Choose your career path
  • Build portfolio projects
  • Interview preparation
  • Start applying for jobs

Note: Some topics can be studied in parallel after Phase 1. For example: Design Patterns alongside DS&A, Security alongside projects. Adjust based on your pace and career goals.

For detailed specialization roadmaps, visit roadmap.sh